Ngeempawu zokuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion, ukuxhathisa i-abrasion kunye nokugquma, i-ceramic inokusebenza kwiintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo zokuvelisa i-semiconductor kunye nemeko yokushisa okuphezulu, i-vacuum okanye igesi ebolileyo ixesha elide.